Indigenous Planning Bibliography

This bibliography was created to bring Indigenous planning resources together, including books, journal articles, theses and dissertations, and other such related resources.

| Architecture | Community Development | Community Organizing | Economic Development | Education | Environment & Natural Resources | Government, Law & Policy | Health | Housing | Historical & Cultural Preservation | Land Use |

ARCHITECTURE [ top ]

Jojola, Theodore. “Modernization and Pueblo Lifeways: Isleta Pueblo.” In Pueblo Style and Regional Architecture . Edited by Nicholas Markovich, Wolfgang Preiser, and Fred Sturm. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.

As scholars have sought to examine the process of community development, many examples have been drawn from the Pueblos of the southwestern United States . Perhaps this inquiry has been a consequence of the fact that the traditions of the Pueblos were considered to have remained essentially intact. Due to their isolation, few influences have been identified that are considered to have impacted significantly upon the “traditional” character of the Pueblo archetypes.

Contrary to scholarly opinion, however, Jojola will attempt to demonstrate how the Pueblo community has undergone significant change over relatively short spans of time. In many instances, the village and community forms have undergone substantial modification. Such changes, in turn, have been the result of new lifeway patterns that have emerged within the Pueblo societies.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT [ top ]

Glau, Jennifer L. “Alternative Development Organizations as a Path to Self-Determination in Diné Communities: A Case Study of CW Top.” Master's Thesis, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 1995.

This thesis discusses alternative development organizations and their role in local development in Diné communities. The Diné, the largest tribe in the United States , has a central government as well as local governments called chapters. Alternative development organizations are emerging because of the weakness of these local governments and changes in other service providers. Alternative development organizations serve as models for community-based planning across the Navajo Nation. CW TOP, an example of these alternative development organizations, is used as a case study and provides insight into the role of alternative development organizations and key issues regarding their development processes. By looking at a specific CW TOP project, a childcare program, this thesis addresses ways that the organization can be more effective in engaging in development.

Jojola, Theodore S. “Indigenous Planning; Clans, Intertribal Confederations, and the History of the All Indian Pueblo Council.” In Making the Invisible Visible; A Multicultural Planning History , edited by Leonie Sandercock, 100-119. Berkeley and London : University of California Press, 1998.

This chapter of Making the Invisible Visible; A Multicultural Planning History Jojola discusses two aspects of indigenous traditions: the role of clans in community development and the role of consensus modeling among intertribal confederations. Together, these two indigenous traditions constitute what are considered to be community and regional planning traditions within the dominant mainstream society. Although the discussion focuses on only one cultural group, the Pueblo Indian nations of the geographic Southwest, there are variations of these same models throughout what is known as Native America.

--2000. Indigenous Planning and Community Development. Paper presented at the 7 th Annual IASTE Conference, The End of Tradition? October 12-15, in Trani , Italy .

This paper presents the indigenous planning framework as predicated on land-tenure principles and a strategic approach to community development. It examines a process a tribal community development that attempts to mitigate the influences and encroachment of globalization upon traditional Native American communities. In particular, it presents a case study of the Oneida Tribal Nation of Wisconsin's Turtle School , where the successful integration of a worldview, an educational ideology, and a vision has resulted in a unique community solution.

Korn, Leslie E. 2002. Community Trauma and Development: Imposed development undermines the individual spirit and traumatizes the community. Fourth World Journal 5, no. 1, http://www.cwis.org/fwj/51/trauma5112021-9.html (accessed April 15, 2003 ).

Korn analyzes how communities were affected by forced development. She argues that development that is not self determined precipitates intergenerational trauma in individuals and communities, as well on the land. She draws on examples from various indigenous communities that have been affected by forced development.

Lee, Andrew J. From Planning to Implementation: Integrated Planning at the Yakama Indian Nation . Cambridge , MA : Malcom Wiener Center for Social Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University , 1996.

McCaig, Anita. “Pathways of Native American Women and Community Development: Women's Empowerment in Isleta Pueblo.” Master's Thesis, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 1998.

Pinel, Sandra Lee. 2001. Appropriate Development Planning; Lessons Learned With Two Pueblo . Paper presented at the Who Owns America III? Conference, June 6-9, in Madison , Wisconsin .

For the past twenty years, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has provided Social and Economic Development Strategies grants to tribal governments toward economic development, resource management and self-sufficiency. A consortium of five Pueblo Indian tribes in Sandoval County , New Mexico , hired professional planners and challenged them with this goal – Help us choose development projects that will strengthen, not splinter, our traditional communities and commitments. This paper synthesizes the lessons learned from a decade of collaboration, between Pinel and Pueblo officials, to plan and implement appropriate economic development strategies. Challenges and successes are illustrated in two contrasted cases from Cochiti Pueblo and Zia Pueblo. The paper explains how comprehensive and strategic planning practice was adapted to engage local knowledge, cultural goals and social realities in choosing and sustaining development strategies.

Taylor, Jonathan B. Negotiating a Vision: Principles of Comprehensive Resource Planning and a Planning Process for the White Mountain Apache Tribe. Cambridge , MA : Malcom Wiener Center for Social Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University , 1992.

Zaferatos, Nicholas. “Developing an Effective Approach to Strategic Planning for Native American Indian Reservations.” Space and Policy 8, no. 1 (Apr 2004): 87-104.

This article proposes an approach to Native American Indian reservation planning that aligns a tribe's community development objectives with this historical experiences and its political self-determination aims. The approach incorporates consideration of jurisdictional obstacles that operate in tribal affairs and reflects the planning experiences of the Swinomish Indian Tribe of Washington State.

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING [ top ]

Edwards, E. Daniel, Jeanette Drews, John R. Seaman, and Margie Egbert Edwards. “Community Organizing in Support of Self-Determination Within Native American Communities.” Journal of Multicultural Social Work 3, no. 4 (1994): 43-60.

A sense of “community” is traditionally an important part of American Indian culture. Historically, many American Indian tribes and bands were relatively small in number and culturally bound together by strong community support principles. Today there is a resurgence of community pride and ownership among Native American Tribal groups. Community Organization theory has much to offer Native American people as they work to implement self-determination programs. This paper describes a community development approach for Native American people. The approach is based upon community organization, cultural enhancement and self-determination principles within a context of alcohol and drug prevention. “ Abstract from Author”

Janovicek, Nancy. “‘Assisting our own': Urban Migration, Self-Governance, and Native Women's Organizing in Thunder Bay, Ontario, 1972-1989.” American Indian Quarterly 27, no. 3/4 (Summer/Fall 2003): 548-565.

Straus, Anne Terry, and Debra Valentino. “Gender and Community Organization Leadership in the Chicago Indian Community.” American Indian Quarterly 27, no. 3/4 (Summer/Fall 2003): 523-532.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT [ top ]

Barsh, Russel Lawrence. “Indian Resources and the National Economy: Business Cycles and Policy Changes.” In Native Americans and Public Policy, 193-221. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992.

Barsh examines how the relationship between the policy cycles in American Indian history and business cycles have affected the confiscation and acquisition of American Indian Resources, specifically during three time periods. First he examines the treaty cessions of raw land up to 1868; then the allotment and leasing of partly developed agricultural land from 1887 to 1932; and lastly the Indian-lands oil and coal production from 1900- to the present.

Carey, Janet May. “Continuing cultural viability via cultural tourism as an economic survival project for Pueblo Indian people.” Ph.D. diss., Northern Arizona University , Flagstaff , 2001.

This study increases the knowledge of indigenous peoples' quest to utilize their unique lifeways for cultural survival through cultural tourism in the twenty-first century. Tourism is the fastest growing international economic endeavor and this study examines the Pueblo Indian tribes within the tourism industry both domestic and international. The Pueblo tribes, because of their non-nomadic way of life, have been hosts to guests since their cultural beginnings. Modern tourism came to Pueblo Indian country with the coming of the railroads in the 1880. The Pueblo were a great attraction for tourists from all over the United States and the World. Tourist operators brought the tourists out to the pueblos to see the Indians. The tourists still come to the Pueblo villages, both ancient and modern, to visit and enjoy Pueblo culture. Today, the Pueblo are entering the tourism industry for themselves, rather than being in the in situ destination provided by others in the tourism industry. Abstract from: http://nasanm.nmsu.edu

Champagne , Duane. “Economic Culture, Institutional Order, and Sustained Market Enterprise : Comparisons of Historical and Contemporary American Indian Cases.” In Property, Rights, and Indian Economies , edited by Terry Anderson, 193-213. Lanham (MD): Rowman and Littlefield, 1992.

Champagne explores how economic development is promoted within American Indian communities. He examines how the local economic culture and institutional order is avoided when implementing economic development strategies, and as a result it is often difficult to establish sustainable market enterprises. Champagne compares the historical markets to the more contemporary economic development strategies, as well as recommending possible institutional solutions.

Cornell, Stephen E. Tourism and Economic Development: Considerations of Tribal Policy and Planning. Cambridge , MA : Harvard University , John F. Kennedy School of Government, Energy and Environmental Policy Center , 1989.

Cornell, Stephen and Joseph P. Kalt. “Culture and Institutions as Public Goods: American Indian Economic Development as a Problem of Collective Action.” In Property, Rights, and Indian Economies , edited by Terry Anderson, 215-252. Lanham (MD): Rowman and Littlefield, 1992.

In this chapter from Property, Rights, and Indian Economies , Cornell and Kalt put forth a framework for understanding the general commonality of underdevelopment among the heterogeneous tribes, as well as the signs of development on certain reservations. The core of this framework rests on the proposition that the primary determinant of the course and the level of economic development in any sovereign society is the environment of incentives that is implicitly and explicitly arrived at by that society or imposed on it. With respect to its material well-being, the incentive problem for any society is to channel resources and effort into productive, rather than destructive, endeavors.

--“Reloading the Dice: Improving the Chances for Economic Development on American Indian Reservations.” In What Can Tribes Do? Strategies and Institutions in American Indian Economic Development , edited by Stephan Cornell and Joseph P. Kalt, 1-59 . Los Angles: UCLA American Indian Studies Center , 1992.

The experiences of a wide array of societies around the world amply demonstrate that achieving sustained, self-determined economic development is a complex and difficult task. Certainly this is the case on the Indian reservations of the United States , where numerous obstacles face tribal leaders, managers, and other individuals concerned about the economic well-being of their peoples.

In this chapter of What Can Tribes Do?: Strategies and Institutions in American Indian Economic Development , Cornell and Kalt review the specific obstacles that Indian nations face as they pursue their own development goals, outline the critical role that institutions of tribal governance play in the development process, and suggest ways that newly empowered tribal governments can improve tribes' own chances of achieving self-determined development success.

Duffy, Diane and Jerry Stubben. “An Assessment of Native American Economic Development: Putting Culture and Sovereignty Back in the Models.” Studies in Comparative International Development 32, no. 4 (Winter 1998): 52-78.

Ferguson , T. J., E. Richard Hart, and Calbert Seciwa. "Twentieth Century Zuni Political and Economic Development in Relation to Federal Indian Policy." In Public Policy Impacts on American Indian Economic Development, edited by C. Matthew Snipp. Albuquerque (NM): University of New Mexico , 1998.

This chapter from Public Policy Impacts on American Indian Economic Development provides an overview of how the Zuni Pueblo of New Mexico have developed their political institutions in relation to federal policy in the twentieth century, and how these political institutions have in turn contributed to the overall economic development of the tribe. During this period the Zuni population increased from about 1,500 to nearly 8,000. A central political issue relates to lands—the loss of those lands essential to the pueblo's traditional economy, how the civil leaders have retained the pueblo's remaining lands, how access to former tribal lands has been dealt with, and how redress for uncompensated lands continues to be a major concern.

Gilbert, Regina , Helen Muller, Evalena Boone, Chris Day, and Anita Sanchez. 1999. The Business of Culture at Acoma Pueblo . Paper submitted to the Western Casewriters Association 1999 Annual Meeting, 1999.

In this paper the authors explore the history and development of the tourism economy of the Acoma Pueblo, specifically pertaining to the development of the Acoma Pueblo Tourism Center . They explore the development as a case study, observing how Mary Tenorio, Director of Acoma Pueblo Tourism addresses the problems that arise. Included in this paper are discussion questions and an instructor's guide to this case study.

Jojola, Theodore. “Tribal Economic Development and Urbanity.” Working Paper, Center for the Regional Policy Studies, UCLA.

Kirkland, Matthew. “Strategic Planning for Indian Gaming.” Indian Gaming (December 1998): 22-23.

With many tribes turning to the gaming Industry, Kirkland illustrates how to develop an effective strategic plan. This process consists of five steps: developing a mission and goals, analyzing the external environment to identify opportunities and threats, analysis of the organization's internal environment to identify the strengths and weaknesses, selecting strategies that build on your strengths and correct your organization's weaknesses, and aligning your organization's resources to ensure the implementation of your chose strategy. Kirkland summarizes each of these steps in this two page article.

Muller, Helen Juliette. “American Indian Women Managers: Living in Two Worlds.” Journal of Management Inquiry 7, No. 1 (March 1998): 4-28.

In this article, Muller explores the complex links between gender and racioethnicity in an analysis of work lives of a select group of American Indian women managers in the southwestern United States . In-depth interviews with 20 women managers reveal a common theme that she refers to as living in two worlds.

Piner, Judie M., and Thomas W. Paradis. “Beyond the Casino: Sustainable Tourism and Cultural Development on Native American Lands.” Tourism Geographies 6, no. 1 (February 2004): 80-98.

An increasing number of American Indian tribes have turned to high-profile casino developments to stimulate desperate local economies. This case study of the Yavapai-Apache Nation's experience with Indian gaming in central Arizona highlights the necessity for tribes to view the casino as one component of a more comprehensive, long-term development strategy. While casino projects themselves gain the immediate attention of many researchers, few studies have focused on the process of long-term tribal planning and development initiatives made possible by relatively short-term casino revenues. This qualitative analysis investigates beyond the tribe's successful Cliff Castle Casino to understand the decision-making process embedded within its internal government structure. Central to this process was a long-term vision of tribal leaders that focused on less on immediate use of casino revenues and more on tribal empowerment, cultural awareness and sustainable economic development. Various tourism initiatives have figured prominently in this long-term scenario, given the tribe's location in Arizona 's amenity-rich Verde Valley . Abstract from Author

Pommersheim, Frank. “Economic Development in Indian Country: What are the Questions?” American Indian Law Review 12, no. 195 (1999): 1-16.

Many tribes are impoverished and are in great need for some sort of economic development. However, many tribes have not found a venture that will truly help them to develop their economy and to gain a deeper sense of cultural meaning. Many of these ventures are unsuccessful because the tribes were looking to answer one question, how can we improve our economy? They do not consider the other questions that need to be addressed. This article seeks to explain some of the contours of the ‘right' questions by examining the context, goals, and strategies of development and the deeper concerns of culture and meaning.

Reno, Philip. Navajos Resources and Economic Development. Albuquerque (NM): University of New Mexico Press, 1979.

Rice, G. William. “Employment in Indian Country: Considerations Respecting Tribal Regulation of the Employer—Employee Relationship.” North Dakota Law Review 72, no. 267 (1998):1-22.

Trosper, Ronald L. “Multicriterion Decision—making in a Tribal Context.” Policy Studies Journal 16, no. 4 (Summer 1988): 826-842.

EDUCATION [ top ]

Coburn, Joe. “A Community-Based Indian Curriculum Development Program.” Educational Leadership 34, no. 4 (January 1977): 284-287.

Gurran, Nicole and Peter Phibbs. 2004. Indigenous Interests and Planning Education: Models from Australia , New Zealand and North America . Paper presented at the ANZAPS conference, September 24-26, in Perth , Australia .

In previous works Gurran and Phibbs asked how planning education should contribute to acknowledging the ways in which colonial land and property management regimes sanctioned and reinforced the process of Aboriginal removal. In this paper they add to this discussion by looking at how other planning schools, in Australia , New Zealand , and North America , address Indigenous interests in their programs. The first section of the paper outlines the need for specific educational strategies to address Indigenous interest in land use planning and policy. They then analyze international approaches to this and identify key knowledge, skills, and pedagogical strategies that appear important in developing Indigenous foci within planning programs. In conclusion, they refer to their program at the University of Sydney as an example of how a curriculum could be enhanced to address and support Indigenous interests more fully.

ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL RESOURCES [ top ]

Ali, Saleem H. Environmental Planning for a Mining Venture on Native Land : A Briefing Paper for the Crow Tribe of Montana . Cambridge , MA : Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development, Malcom Wiener Center for Social Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1998.

Burton, Lloyd. “American Indian Water Rights in the Western United States : Litigation, Negotiation, and the Regional Planning Process.” Ph.D. diss., University of California , Berkeley , 1984.

Clow, Richmond L. and Imre Sutton, eds., Trusteeship in Change: Toward Tribal Autonomy in Resource Management . Boulder , CO : University Press of Colorado , 2001.

Laurence, Robert. “American Indians and the Environment: A Legal Primer for Newcomers to the Field”. Natural Resources and the Environment 7 (1993): 3-6, 48-50.

In this essay Laurence gives an overview of the legal issues that are involved when working with American Indian tribes, especially in cases of environmental matters. Topics such as tribal sovereignty, power of Congress, State jurisdiction over Indian country are all reviewed in this legal primer.

Ruffing, Lorraine Turner. “Strategy for Asserting Indian Control Over Mineral Development.” In Economic Development in American Indian Reservations , edited by Roxanne Dunbar Ortiz, 136-144. Albuquerque , NM : University of New Mexico Press, 1979.

GOVERNMENT, LAW & POLICY [ top ]

Farley, Christine Haight 1997. Protecting Folklore of Indigenous Peoples: Is Intellectual Property the Answer? Connecticut Law Review 30.

Farley analyzes what Indigenous people can do to protect their intellectual property such as traditional art designs on rugs or pottery, which are all a part of their culture. He looks at the different set-backs to protecting their property, as well as different solutions.

Galanda, Gabriel S. 2003. Arizona Indian Law: What You should know. Arizona Attorney 24: 1-10.

Over the past decade, the 21 federally recognized tribes in Arizona have become major players in local, state, and national economies. Arizona tribes are aggressively creating and operating new businesses in the areas of real estate development, banking and finance, media, telecommunications, wholesale and retail trade, tourism and gaming. Indian law issues intersect virtually every area of law. For that reason, every attorney should be cognizant of general Indian law principles and be prepared to answer common questions on the subject. Therefore, Galanda presents some legal principles that govern relations between Indian tribes and non-Indians.

McChesney, Fred S. ‘Government as Definer of Property Rights: Indian Lands , Ethnic Externalities, and Bureaucratic Budgets.” In Property Rights and Indian Economies , edited by Terry Anderson, 109-145. Lanham (MD): Rowman and Littlefield, 1992.

In this chapter of Property Rights and Indian Economies , McChesney studies the governmental process that began in 1887 to define Indian rights to reservation land, also known as the Dawes Act. Abandoned in 1934, this policy and its implications on defining American Indian property rights, the social structure of Indian communitiesare fully examined by McChesney in this paper.

O'brien, Sharon . American Indian Tribal Governments. Norman , OK : University of Oklahoma Press, 1989.

The main focus of American Indian Tribal Governments is the operation of tribal governments. Since there are so much variety, the author looks at five representative governments in some detail--the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois League), the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, the Teton Sioux, the Pueblos, and the Yakimas (who since the publication of this book have revised the official spelling, using the name that appears in the treaty of 1855, Yakama). O'Brien wrote this book with the cooperation and assistance of those she was writing about.

In addition to this focus, the book has the best brief overview of Federal Indian policy. The book is amply illustrated with photographs and other images, as well as maps, graphs, and abundant sidebars.

Prucha, Francis Paul. The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians . Lincoln , NB. University of Nebraska Press, 1984.

In The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians Prucha attempts to tell the history of American Indian policy beginning with the Revolutionary War to 1980. He tracks the history of American Indian policy development and implementation, while also providing footnotes to indicate essential documents and secondary works of where the histories can be found.

Strickland, Rennard. 1991. Indian Law and the Miner's Canary: The Signs of Poison Gas. Cleveland State Law Review 483: 1-19.

Wilkins, David. 1993. Transformations in Supreme Court Thought. The Social Science Journal 30: 181-207.

Zaferatos, Nicholas Christos. “Planning the Native American Tribal Community: Understanding the Basis of Power Controlling the Reservation Territory .” Journal of the American Planning Association 64, no. 4 (1998): 395-409.

Native American tribes possess sovereign powers of self-government over their internal affairs and over their self-reserved territories, in order to support their continued existence. The powers of tribal land use jurisdiction, however, are not clearly understood. This paper explores the evolution of tribal governance and the problems that tribes face in advancing their community goals through reservation planning. The context of tribal planning is examined with the practical aim of formulating approaches that overcome obstacles to attaining tribal objectives. It is necessary to understand the historical interferences confronting tribal communities before identifying planning strategies to overcome opposition and advance tribal goals.

HEALTH [ top ]

Indian Health Service. The IHS Strategic Plan: Improving the Health of American Indian and Alaska Native People through Collaboration and Innovation. Rockville , MD : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Indian Health Services, 2003.

HOUSING [ top ]

Biles, Roger. “Public Housing on the Reservation” American Indian Culture and Research Journal 24, no. 2 (2000): 49-63.

Biles discusses government housing programs in Indian reservations in the United States . Reasons why former President Franklin D. Roosevelt assumed responsibility for the construction of public housing; Approaches to Indian affairs; Problems in Construction.

Stissi, Patricia Eppe. “Minority Housing Conditions in Urban Settings: Proposals for the Improvement of Las Vegas ' Amerindian Homes.” Master's thesis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas . 1999.

Native Americans living on reservations occupy some of the worst housing in the United States . But, nowadays, both on reservations and in urban settings, a small majority (about 56%) of them use the same types of architectural space as any other Americans. For example, HUD homes on the reservations, apartment complexes and small houses in cities, sometimes Public Housing. This research will explore a way to improve American Indians housing conditions while accentuation the need for sustainable and affordable housing in harmony with the tribal environment, because they bring unique cultural heritage to urban society. For the purpose of the study, Stissi created a questionnaire for the intention of the American Indians living the in greater Las Vegas area. The survey was written to measure the most common housing needs and family member satisfaction with their current housing status. Also, Stissi actively participated in some housing projects on the Santo Domingo reservation in New Mexico and for the Las Vegas Indian Center . These experiences and an extensive research about various important concepts (assimilation, acculturation, personal identification and appropriation of spaces, traditional and modern elements of design) provided the assumptions regarding the study. From: http://.nasanm.nmsu.edu

Washee-Freeland, Carolyn. “Community Participation in American Indian Housing: Four Case Studies.” Master's Thesis, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 2005.

The study explores community-based planning in the development of American Indian Housing. Four tribal housing case studies are examined to determine the use of community participation in resident development. The cases examined are the Shan Diin Resident Organization in Crownpoint , New Mexico , the Birdsprings Chapter of the Navajo Nation, the Northern Cheyenne Housing Authority, and the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin Land Use Model.

HISTORICAL & CULTURAL PRESERVATION [ top ]

Kelley, Klara, and Harris Francis. “Places Important to Navajo People.” American Indian Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1993): 151-169.

Pablo, Marcia. “Preservation as Perpetuation.” American Indian Quarterly 25, no. 1 (Winter 2001): 18-20.

Ruiz, Richard. “Language Planning Considerations in Indigenous Communities.” The Bilingual Research Journal 19, no. 1 (Winter 1995): 71-81.

Federally-funded bilingual programs for American Indian/Alaska Native students are addressed from a language planning perspective. The discussion identifies three language policy types—endoglossic (community oriented), exoglossic (externally-oriented), and mixed policies—and their relationship to American Indian/Alaska Native bilingual education. Federally-funded bilingual education represents an exoglossic policy for indigenous communities and as such, can lead to language loss. The recommendation here is that indigenous communities begin now to develop endoglossic policies that will reinforce past efforts in bilingual education while simultaneously stabilizing community heritage languages.

Watkins, Joe. “Place-Meant.” American Indian Quarterly 25, no. 1 (Winter 2001): 41-44.

LAND USE [ top ]

Sutton, Imre, ed. Irredeemable America : The Indians Estate and Land Claims . Albuquerque , NM : University of New Mexico Press, 1985.