.--For many years I
have known that the Purple Gallinule (Ionor.is martinica) was predatory, as I have
seen them take the young and eggs from the nests of Herons and Egrets and other
birds a great many times.
My f'st knowledge of their predatory habit was more than thirty years ago. At
that time, I was raising Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) along the edge of my Heron
colony now known as "Bird City." The young Ducks were inclosed by a fine-
meshed wire fence with an overhanging top, so that they could not climb out or
stray away. From time to time I would miss some of them and was at a loss to know
what was destroying them, as they were closely confined at night, and in the daytime,
were in water too shallow for loggerhead turtles or other predatory creatures.
As the loss continued with great regularity, I built a blind near the pen and put
an old darky to watch. In a few hours he came to me and stated that the young
Ducks were being taken by "dem blue marsh hens." Knowing that he meant Purple
Gallinules, I did not give his statement credit, but decided to watch for myself.
Getting into the blind, I soon was convinced that the Purple Gallinules were the
reason for the disappearance of my young Ducks, some of which were almost half-
grown and beginning to be quite well feathered. I had hardly gotten into the blind
when a Purple Gallinule flew from the rushes of the pond beyond the fence, alighting
in the shallow water near the bank and quite near me. There were no Ducks near
where it lit, but a number of them were feeding towards it perhaps fifty feet away.
The Gallinule walked along in the shallow water on the border of the pond, seemingly
busily searching for insects, as it moved slowly and pecked from time to time in
the grass which grew out from the bank into the water. It paid no attention to the
Ducks, as they approached, until they came directly to it, when suddenly it sprung
onto the back of one of the largest, and at one stroke of its beak severed the spinal
cord at the base of the brain. It then proceeded to peck a hole in the back of the dead
Duck, which was accomplished with remarkable speed, the viscera being drawn out
piece by piece and eaten. After eating the viscera, it continued pulling out, through
the back, bits of flesh. I had taken my gun into the blind with me, and shot it as it
stood on its victim.
Supposing this was an unusual case of the Gallinule preying on the young Ducks,
I did not wait to see if more Gallinules would attempt the same thing, but as from
day to day I continued to miss my young Ducks, I had a watch set covering a full
day, arming the watchman with a gun, and he killed five Gallinules, three of which
had already gotten young Ducks before he shot them.
In later years, I have seen Purple Gallinules many times take eggs and young of
many species of birds. This predatory habit was brought definitely to my attention
during three consecutive days--on May 10, 11, and 12 of this year.
On Sunday, May 10, Stanley Solar and I were observing a large colony of nesting
Boat-tailed Grackles (Cassidix mexicanus major). We had already remarked the
large number of empty nests, that the Sunday before, had contained small birds.
We heard a young Grackle crying in distress, and on going toward the place from
where the noise came, saw a Purple Gallinule standing on the edge of the nest holding
with one foot a half-grown Grackle while it deliberately tore at its back with its beak.
On our nearer approach, the Gallinule took the still living young Grackle in its
beak and flew with it about 75 yards to the pond's bank, where we watched it tear
it to pieces and eat it. It first tore a hole in the back of its victim, and pulling out the
viscera in sections, swallowed the pieces as they came free. It then tore bits of tender
flesh from the body, paying no attention to my approach in a boat to within about
sixty feet of it.
On Monday, May 11, I was in "Bird City" with Mr. and Mrs. Orr, who were
photographing the birds for the Fox Movietone Corporation. My attention was
attracted to a Purple Gallinule by the flirting of its white taft. It was standing on a
willow stump about forty yards from us, and I called attention to its pulling strongly
at something held under its feet. We could see it was the body of a young Heron.
After considerable pulling and pecking, a hole was evidently torn through to the
viscera, which we saw this Gallinule draw out in sections and eat. I was at the
point of going to investigate in a boat, when a second Gallinule flew at the one on the
stump and endeavored to rob it of its prey. The feeding bird seized its victim in its
mouth and flew with it to an unoccupied section of a nesting platform nearby where
it continued its meal.
On Tuesday, May 12, I had my floating blind, from which I photograph the
nesting individuals of "Bird City," moved to a position where we could get close-ups
of nesting Anhingas (Anhinga anhinga). I had the men with me clip a few twigs
that obstructed the view of two nests low down in a cypress, each containing four
eggs. The blind was set in position to photograph a nest quite near, in which the
young Anhingas were more than half-grown. The moving of the blind and the noise
of getting the three cameras set up frightened the Anhingas from the nests, and they
flew to the top of several partly dead cypress trees nearby. All of this preparation
took perhaps ten minutes. When we were about ready to begin the picture-taking,
I looked towards the two Anhinga nests in the cypress from in front of which I had
had the screen of twigs cut, and saw a Purple Gallinule standing on one nest eating
a young Anhinga it had torn from its egg. Fearing it would destroy the entire set of
eggs, I went outside the blind, and by waving my arms, frightened it away.--E. A.
MClLUEY, Avery Island, La.