Canadian Wildlife Service, 1725 Woodward Drive,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIG 3Z7
The Little Stint (Calidris minuta) breeds in the north-central Palaearctic, from northeastern Norway
to the central Russian arctic as far as the Indigirka River at 150øE (Dement'ev et al. 1969); it has also
recently been reported to breed in some years eastwards to the Chukchi Peninsula (Glutz et al. 1975). It
winters mainly in Africa and eastwards to southern Asia (Vaurie 1965, Glutz et al. 1975). Its general
distribution is, thus, far removed from the Nearctic, and the only records from this region to date are
photographic ones involving single birds on Bermuda in 1975 (Pellow 1976) and near Barrow, Alaska in
1976 (Myers and Greenberg 1978), as well as several sight records from Antigua in 1975 and 1976
(Holland and Williams 1978, E. Eisenmann pets. comm.). This note reports the first record of the species
for Canada and the collection of the first specimen for North America.
On 10 July 1979, I noted a small Calidris sandpiper, with bright rufous plumage on the upper parts,
head, neck, and upper breast, with a small group of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) near
North Point (51ø29'N, 80ø27'W), on the southwest coast of James Bay, 27 km northeast of Moosonee,
Ontario. The birds were feeding on the short grass ("goose grass," Puccinellia phryganodes (Trin.) Scribn.
& Merr.) salt marsh and around pools near the junction of the vegetated area with the tidal flats. The
sandpiper's field characters--particularly the conspicuous orange-rufous wash on the head, cheeks, nape,
and sides of the neck that spreads across the upper area of the breast below the throat to form a gorget;
the rich rufous upper parts (with a somewhat indistinct "V" marking); the black legs; the black, fine,
almost straight bill; and the similar but slightly smaller size than that of the nearby Semipalmated
Sandpipers--immediately eliminated all the common or likely North American species and indicated the
possibility of its being a Little Stint. I collected the bird. In the hand, the above characters, lack of
palmations, and diagnostic features separating it from the Rufous-necked Sandpiper (C. ruficollis), in-
cluding white throat, wing/tarsus ratio of 4.55 (see Prater et al. 1977), and wing/bill ratio of 5.17 (see
Glutz et al. 1975), confirmed that the bird was a Little Stint, as have subsequent detailed examination
of the plumage and comparison with other specimens. Measurements taken on the freshly collected bird
included wing length (maximum chord), 100 mm; bill length (tip to start of feathers), 19.35 mm; bill
width, 1.8 mm; tarsus length, 22.0 mm; middle toe with claw, 20.5 mm; and weight, 24.5 g. The
specimen has been deposited in the National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Catalogue No. 68651.
The bird was in full nuptial plumage, there was little body molt present, and its flight feathers were
only moderately worn, suggesting it was an adult at least 2 and possible more yr of age (see Prater et al.
1977). Dissection showed the bird was a male. The partially regressed testes (length 6 mm, cf. McLean
1969 for C. pusilla) and full nuptial plumage indicate the Little Stint was in breeding condition.
The majority of sightings of the Little Stint in the Nearctic have involved vagrants seen in full nuptial
plumage during the summer (Bermuda, 10-12 June 1975; Alaska, 28 June 1976) or early during the
autumn migration period (Antigua, 23 July 1976; James Bay, 10 July 1979). At this time of the year, the
bright rufous plumage of the Little Stint provides a conspicuous contrast with the plumage of the common
North American species. Separation of the Little Stint and Rufous-necked Sandpiper by observers un-
familiar with either species, however, requires particularly close observational and photographic docu-
mentation for establishment of acceptable sight records. Problems of identification increase with molting
adults and especially first-autumn or winter plumage birds (see Wallace 1974, 1979), and the extent to
which immature birds occur in North America remains unknown. But it is now clear that small numbers
of adult Little Stints, as well as the more regular Rufous-necked Sandpiper, reach North America.
I should like to thank Earl Godfrey and Henri Ouellet, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa,
for access to specimens and discussion of this record. Thanks also to Eugene Eisenmann for information
on records of the Little Stint in Antigua and to J. Farrand and J.P. Myers for their comments on the
manuscript.
LITERATURE CITED
DEMENT'EV, G. P., N. A. GLADKOV, & E. P. SPANGENBERG. 1969. Birds of the Soviet Union, vol. 3.
Jerusalem, Israel Program for Sci. Transl.
GLUTZ VON BLOTZHEIM, U. N., K. M. BAUER, & E. BEZZEL. 1975. Handbuch der VSgel Mitteleuropas.
Band 6. Charadriiformes (1. Tell). Wiesbaden, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft.
HOLLAND, C. S., & J. M. WILLIAMS. 1978. Observations on the birds of Antigua. Amer. Birds 32:
1095-1105.
MCLEAN, S. F. 1969. Ecological determinants of species diversity of arctic sandpipers near Barrow,
Alaska. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Berkeley, California, Univ. California.
MYERS, J.P., & R. S. GP, EENBERG. 1978. Photographic record of the Little Stint (Calidris minuta) for
mainland North America. Condor 80:451-452.
PELLOW, K. 1976. A Little Stint in Bermuda. Amer. Birds 30: 918.
PATER, A. J., J. H. MARCHANT, & J. VUORINEN. 1977. Guide to the identification and ageing of
Holarctic waders. Brit. Trust for Ornithol. Field Guide 17. Tring, Hertfordshire, Brit. Trust for
Ornithol.
VAURIE, C. 1965. The birds of the Palearctic fauna. Non-passeriformes. London, H. F. & G. Witherby
Ltd.
WALLACE, D. I. M. 1974. Field identification of small species in the genus Calidris. Brit. Birds 67: 1-
16.
--. 1979. Review of British records of Semipalmated Sandpipers and claimed Red-necked Stints.
Brit. Birds 72: 264-274.
Received 8 November 1979, accepted 21 January 1980.