THIRTY-NINTH SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

AOU Check-list Supplement The Auk 110(3):675-682, 1993 This fifth supplement after the sixth edition (1983) of the AOU Check-list of North American Birds consists of changes adopted by the Com- mittee on Classification and Nomenclature between 1 March 1991 and 1 March 1993. The changes fall into nine categories: (1) one newly described species (Cypseloides storeri) is added to the main list; (2) three species (Tetraogallus hima- layensis, Larus cachinnans and Streptopelia turtur) are added to the main list because of new dis- tributional information; (3) five species (Elanus leucurus, Odontophorus melanotis, Leucosticte te- phrocotis, L. atrata and L. australis) are changed by splitting from extralimital forms; (4) six spe- cies (Butorides virescens, Fulica alai, Pluvialis fulva, Thalurania ridgwayi, T. fannyi and Piculus simplex) are added to the list because of the splitting of species previously in the list; (5) ten scientific names (Mesophoyx intermedia, Branta sandvicensis, Caracara plancus, Streptoprocne rutila, Nystalus ra- diatus, Notharchus macrorhynchos, N. pectoralis, N. tectus, Conopias albovittata and Bangsia arcaei) are changed because of generic reallocation; (6) one scientific name (Coccyzus euleri) is changed for nomenclatural reasons; (7) eight other English names are changed; (8) one species (Anser ery- thropus) is transferred from the main list to Ap- pendix B; and (9) three new ones (Procellaria aequinoctialis, Neochen jubata and Buteo polyoso- ma) are added to Appendix B. No new distri- butional information is included in this sup- plement except as noted above (i.e. minor changes of distribution or distributional rec- ords within North America are not included). The 12 additions and 1 deletion bring the num- ber of species recognized as occurring within the check-list area (main list) to 1,968. AOU numbering system: As mentioned in the previous supplement, the AOU Committee on Classification and Nomenclature has adopt- ed the world numbering system published in Sibley and Monroe (1990:xix-xx, 785-848); this system was originally adopted and extended with permission from the "Bird Master Data File (BMDF)"¸ developed in 1985 by P. Wil- liam Smith. The following changes from the sixth edition (page numbers refer thereto) result from the Committee's actions: p. 20. After Procellaria cinerea, insert: [Procellaria aequinoctialis Linnaeus. WHITE-CHINNED PETREL.] See Appendix B. p. 20. Change the English name of Procel- laria parkinsoni from BLACK PETREL to PAR- KIN$ON'S PETREL to conform to general usage worldwide (e.g. Pitman and Ballance 1992). p. 40. After Phalacrocorax urile, insert: [Phalacrocorax kenyoni (Siegel-Causey). AMCHITKA CORMORANT.] See Appendix B. p. 46. Change the English name of Ardea cocoi from WHITE-NECKED HERON to COCOI HERON to conform to the original, long-standing En- glish name and to avoid confusion with name sometimes used for Ardea pacifica Latham, 1801. p. 48. Based on data from Sheldon (1987), elevate the genus Mesophoyx (from synonymy in Egretta) and insert on p. 47 before the genus Egretta: [Genus MESOPHOYX Sharpe] Mesophoyx Sharpe, 1894, Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club, 3, p. xxxviiL Type, by original designation, Ar- dea intermedia Waglet. [Mesophoyx intermedia (Wagler). INTERMEDIATE EGRET.] See Appendix B. pp. 51-52. Split Butorides striatus into B. vi- rescens and B. striatus: Butorides virescens (Linnaeus). GREEN HERON. [201.] Ardea virescens Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 144. Based mainly on The Small Bittern, Ardea stellaris minima Catesby, Nat. Hist. Car- olina, vol. 1, p. 80. (in America = South Car- olina.) Habitat.--Ponds, rivers, lakes, lagoons, marshes, mangroves and swamps, nesting in trees in wooded areas in or near fresh-water and brackish habitats (Tropical to Temperate zones). Distribution.--[as in 6th edition under "virescens group"]. Notes.--See B. striatus. Butorides striatus (Linnaeus). STRIATED HERON. [1014.1.] Ardea striata Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 144. (in Surinami = Surinam.) Habitat.--Ponds, rivers, lakes, lagoons, marshes, mangroves and swamps, nesting in trees in wooded areas in or near fresh-water and brackish habitats (Tropical and Subtropical zones). Distribution.--[as in 6th edition under "striatus group"]. Notes.--B. virescens was considered conspecific with B. striatus (e.g. AOU 1983) because intermediate spec- imens have been reported (e.g. Payne 1974); however, hybridization in zones of contact is limited without demonstrated introgression, and no mixed pairings are known (Monroe and Browning 1992). When the two species are considered conspecific, GREta-BACKED HERON, STRIATED HERON or LrrTLE HERON have been used as the English name. B. sundevalli (Reichenow, 1877) of the Galapagos Islands is sometimes consid- ered conspecific with striatus. p. 52. Change the English name of Agamia agami from CHESTNUT-BELLIED HERON to AGAMI HERON to conform to the original, long-stand- ing English name. p. 65. Transfer Anser erythropus to Appendix B; on p. 65 replace account with: [Anser erythropus (Linnaeus). LESSER WHITE[FRONTED GOOSE.] See Appendix B. p. 68. In synonymy of the genus Branta after Leucopareia entry, insert: Nesochen Salvadori, 1895, Cat. Birds Br. Mus., 27, pp. xii, 81, 126. Type, by original designation, Anser sandvicensis Vigors. p. 70. Delete Genus Nesochen entry and merge sandvicensis in Branta; change species en- try Nesochen sandvicensis to Branta sandvicensis. Based on data from Quinn et al. (1991), sandvi- censis is closely related to the canadensis group within Branta. p. 70. Before the Genus Tadorna entry, in- sert: [Genus NEOCHEN Oberholser] Neochen Oberholser, 1918, J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 8, p. 571. Type, by original designation, Anser ju- batus Spix. [Neochen jubata (Spix). ORINOCO GOOSE.] See Ap- pendix B. p. 103. Change Elanus caeruleus entry to the following: Elanus leucurus (Vieillot). WHITE-TAILED Kn. [328.] Milvus leucurus Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. d., 20, p. "556" = 563. Based on "Alcon blanco" Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Px. Parag., 1, p. 165 (no. 36). (Paraguay.) Habitat.--[as in 6th edition]. Distribution.--[as in 6th edition under "leucurus group"]. Notes.--E. leucurus, E. caeruleus (Desfontaines, 1789), and E. axillaris (Latham, 1801), are recognized as al- lospecies following Clark and Banks (1992). p. 117. After Buteo albicaudatus, insert: [Buteo polyosoma (Quoy and Gaimard). RED-BACKED HAWSe.] See Appendix B. p. 122. Change Genus Polyborus and Polybo- rus plancus entries to the following: Genus CARACARA Merrem Caracara Merrem, 1826, in Ersch and Gruber, Allg. Encycl. Kiinste, 15, p. 159. Type, by subsequent designation (Hellmayr and Conover, 1949), Falco plancus Miller. Notes.--The type-species of Polyborus Vieillot, 1816, is not identifiable; therefore, the genus Caracara must be used (Banks and Dove 1992). Caracara plancus (Miller). CRESTED C.CARA. [362.] [original citation, habitat and distribution as in 6th edition]. Notes.--"... distinct species, C. lutosus (Ridgway, 1876) [GUADALUPE CARACARA, 363]. The northern ... some as C. cheriway (Jacquin, 1784) [CRESTED CAR- ACARA;, distinct from C. plancus .... " Genus TETRAOGALLUS Gray Tetraogallus J. E. Gray, in Hardwicke, 1832, Illus. Indian Zool., 2, pt. 1 I, pl. 46. Type, by mono- typy, Tetraogallus nigellii J. E. Gray = Tetraogallus himalayensis G. R. Gray. Tetraogallus himalayensis G. R. Gray. HlIlIYuXl SNOWCOCK. [2143.] Lophophorus nigelli J. E. Gray, 1832 (not L. nigelli Jardine and Selby, 1828), Illus. Ornithol., pl. 141. (Himalayas.) Tetraogallus Himalayensis G. R. Gray, 1843, Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1842), p. 105. New name for Lophophorus nigelli J. E. Gray, 1832, preoc- cupied. Habitat.--Steep rocky slopes with sparse vegeta- tion, alpine meadows. Distribution.--Resident in south-central Eurasia in Afghanistan, Turkestan, northern India and western China. Introduced and established (1963 and subsequent years) in northeastern Nevada in the Ruby and East Humboldt mountains (Stiver 1984). pp. 142-143. Change Odontophorus erythrops entry to the following: Odontophorus melanotis Salvin. BLACK-EARED WOOD-Qv.-IL. [1068.1.] Odontophorus melanotis Salvin, 1865, Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1864), p. 586. (Tucurrique, Costa Rica.) Habitat.--[as in 6th edition]. Distribution.--[as in 6th edition under "melanotis group"]. Notes.--The earlier merger (Peters 1934:53; AOU 1983:142-143) of O. melanotis with the South Ameri- can O. erythrops Gould, 1859 was not based on pub- lished taxonomic evidence; differences between these two forms are at least as great as those between other species pairs in the genus. p. 159. After Fulica atra, insert: Fulica alai Peale. HAWAIIm COOT. [220.1.] Fulica alai Peale, 1848, U.S. Explor. Exped., 8, p. 224. (Hawaiian Islands.) Habitat.--Fresh-water lakes and ponds. Distribution.--Resident in the Hawaiian Islands on all main islands from Niihau eastward, except Lanai. Notes.--Treated herein as a species following Pratt (1987). pp. 159-160. Under Fulica americana, change the following sections: Under Distribution, change "Resident" paragraph to: Resident in the Andes of central Colombia and northern Ecuador (at least formerly). Change Notes to: The Andean F. ardesiaca Tschudi, 1843, is herein regarded as a species (Fjeldsfi 1982). pp. 166-167. Split Pluvialis dominica into P. dominica and P. fulva: Pluvialis dominica (Miiller). AMERICAN GOLDEN- PLOVER. [272.] Charadrius Dominicus P. L. S. Miiller, 1776, Natur- syst., Suppl., p. 116. (St. Domingo = Hispan- iola.) Habitat.--Grassy tundra, usually in areas of higher elevation and shape, with sparser and shorter vege- tation, and more rocks than P. fulva (breeding); short- grass prairie, pastures, mudflats, sandy beaches and flooded fields (nonbreeding). Distribution.--[as in 6th ecition under "dominica group"]. Notes.--Also known as the LESSER GOLDEN-PLOVER. See comments under P. apricaria and P. fulva. Pluvialis fulva (Gmelin). PACIFIC GOLDEN-PLOvER. [272.1.] Charadriusfulvus Gmelin, 1780, Syst. Nat. 1(2):687. Based on the "Fulvous Plover" Latham, Gen. Synops. Birds 3:211. (In Tahiti maritimis et uli- ginosis = Tahiti.) Habitat.--Grassy tundra, usually in areas at lower elevation, in denser and taller vegetative cover than P. dominica (breeding); short-grass prairie, pastures, mudflats, sandy beaches and flooded fields (non- breeding). Distribution.--[as in 6th edition under "fulva group"]. Notes.--Also known as the ASIATIC GOLDEN- pLOVEr. Recent studies (Connors et al. 1993) that doc- ument reproductive isolation confirm earlier sugges- tions (Connors 1983) that P. fulva is a species distinct from P. dominica. p. 219. In Notes under Larus argentatus, de- lete first sentence; after L. californicus, add "L. cachinnans," p. 219. After Larus argentatus, insert: Larus cachinnans Pallas. YI, OW-ta3D GCrL. [2254.] Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 2, p. 318. (Caspian Sea.) Habitat & Distribution.--Breeds along seacoasts, lakes and rivers from the eastern Atlantic islands, southern Europe and northern Africa east to central Asia, and winters south to northeastern Africa and the Persian Gulf. Casual in winter seasons 1990-1993 in Maryland and D.C. (Sandy Point and Washington, respectively, photographs; Wilds and Czaplak 1993). Accidental in Quebec (Fatima, Madeleine Islands, 16 August 1973; specimen #60750 in Canadian Museum of Nature). Notes.--L. cachinnans is a species distinct from L. argentatus (Marion et al. 1985; Y6sou 1991). The spec- imen from Quebec was reported as a probable hybrid between L. argentatus and L. fuscus (Gosselin et al. 1986) but has been re-identified as L. cachinnans (Wilds and Czaplak 1993). p. 254. After Columba goodsoni and before Streptopelia decaocto, added in AOU (1989:533), insert: Streptopelia turtur (Linnaeus). EUROPEAN TURTLE-DOVE. [2289.]. Columba Turtur Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. I0, I, p. 164. (in India, error = England.) Habitat & Distribution.--Breeds in open wood- land, scrub, plains and gardens from the British Isles and Europe south to northern Africa and southwest- ern Asia, and winters south to southwestern Africa. Accidental in southern Florida (Lower Matecumbe Key, 9-11 April 1990, photograph; Hoffman et al. 1990). p. 274. Change English name of Forpus cy- anopygius from BLUE-RUMPED PARROTLET to the original, long-standing MExIcA PARROTLET. Change Notes to: Also known as BLUE-RUMPED PARROTLET. p. 284. Change Coccyzus julieni Lawrence, added in Supplement #37 (AOU 1989:534), to Coccyzus euleri Cabanis. Change second sen- tence of Notes to: Although C. julieni has pri- ority over C. euleri, the former has been sup- pressed for purposes of priority by the I.C.Z.N. (1992). p. 317. After Cypseloides niger, insert: Cypseloides storeri Navarro S., Peterson, Escalante, and Benltez D. WHrrE-rROItEO SwIr. [1220.1.] Cypseloides storeri Navarro S., Peterson, Escalante, and Benltez D., 1992, Wilson Bull., 104, p. 56. (Puerto del Gallo, Tlacotepec, Guerrero, Mex- ico.) Habitat.--Presumably forest and open country. Distribution.--Locally in mountains, 1500-2500 m, of Michoacn and Guerrero. p. 318. Change Cypseloides rutilus to Strep- toprocne rutila and move under the genus Strep- toprocne before S. zonaris. Change Notes to: For- merly placed in the genera Cypseloides or Chaetura, but see Marin and Stiles (1992), who showed that rutila and its close allies share nu- merous characters with Streptoprocne, especially in reproductive and nesting traits. p. 338. Split Thalurania colombica into the fol- lowing three species: Thalurania ridgwayi Nelson. MEXlC WOODNYMPH. [1271.] Thaiurania ridgwayi Nelson, 1990, Auk, 17, p. 262. (San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mxico.) Habitat.--Humid forest, forest edge, second growth, and open woodland. Distribution.--Pacific slope of Nayarit, western Jalisco and Colima. Notes.--Escalante-Pliego and Peterson (1992) pro- vided reasons for treating T. ridgwayi and T. fannyi as species distinct from T. colombica. Thaiurania colombica (Boutcier). VIOLET-CROWNED WOODNYMPH. [1271.1.] Ornismya Colombica Boutclef, 1843, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 6, p. 2. (in Colombie = San Agustln, Magdalena Valley, Colombia.) Habitat.--Humid forest, forest edge, second growth, and open woodland. Distribution.--Lowlands [townsendi group] of Ca- ribbean slope from Guatemala and Belize south to Costa Rica and western and central Panama (east to Canal Zone and eastern Panam province); lowlands to 1900 m [colombica group] of northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela. Notes.--Groups: T. townsendi Ridgway, 1888 [VIo- LET-CROWNED WOODNYMPH, 1271.1], and T. colombica [COLOMBIAN WOODhlYMPH, 4202.2]. See Thaiurania ridgwayi. Thaiurania fannyi (DeLattre and Bourcier). GREEN-CROWNED WOODNYMPH. [1271.2.] Trochilus Fannyi DeLattre and Bourcier, 1846, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 9, p. 310. (Rio Dagua, near Bue- naventura, Colombia.) Habitat.--Humid forest, forest edge, second growth, and open woodland. Distribution.--Lowlands [fannyi group] of eastern Panama (eastern Col(n, Darien, and eastern San Bias) and northwestern Colombia; lowlands [hypochlora group] of the Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador. Notes.--Groups: T. fannyi [GREEN-CROWNED WOODIMPH, 1271.2], and T. hypochlora Gould 1871 [EmERLV-BELIEV WOOVNPH, 4202.3]. See Thaiur- ania ridgwayi. pp. 373-374. The genera Nystalus and No- tharchus are removed from the genus Bucco. These three genera were merged in the 6th edi- tion, but the merger was not based on published evidence. Nystalus and Notharchus represent co- hesive assemblages, and their merger with Buc- co awaits a detailed study of generic limits in the entire Bucconidae. The extralimital Bucco is removed from the check-list. p. 373. Change the Genus Bucco entry to: Genus NYSTALUS Cabanis and Heine Nystalus Cabanis and Heine, 1863, Mus. Hei- neanum, 4(I), p. 139. Type, by subsequent des- ignation (Sclater, 1882), Alcedo maculata Gme- lin. Habitat.--[as in 6th edition under P. leucolaemus]. Distribution.--[as in 6th edition under "callopterus group" and "leucolaemus group"]. Notes.--Groups: P. callopterus (Lawrence, 1862) [STRIPE-CHEEKED WOODPECKER, 1393.2], and P. leuco- laemus [WHITE-THROATED WOODPECKER, 1393]. See P. simplex. p. 468. Following Lanyon (1984), merge Ge- nus Coryphotriccus in Conopias: Genus CONOPIAS Cabanis and Heine p. 374. Change Bucco radiatus Sclater to Nys- talus radiatus (Sclater). Change Notes to: N. ra- diatus and the Amazonian N. chacuru (Vieillot, 1816) may constitute a superspecies. Conopias Cabanis and Heine, 1859, Mus. Hei- neanum, 2, p. 62. Type, by monotypy, Tyran- nula superciliosa Swainson = Muscicapa trivirgata Wied. p. 374. After Nystalus radiatus, insert: Genus NOTHARCHUS Cabanis and Heine Notharchus Cabanis and Heine, 1863, Mus. Hei- neanum, 4(I), pp. 146, 149. Type, by subse- quent designation (Sclater, 1882), Bucco hyper- rhynchus Sclater = Bucco macrorhynchos Gmelin. p. 374. Change Bucco macrorhynchosGmelin, B. pectoralis Gray, and B. tectus Boddaert to No- tharchus macrorhynchos (Gmelin), N. pectoralis (Gray), and N. tectus (Boddaert). p. 374. Under Notharchus macrorhynchos, change Notes by deleting first sentence and changing B. swainsoni to N. swainsoni. p. 394. Based on Wetmore (1968:536-539) and Stiles and Skutch (1989:257), who indicated that facial patterns and vocalizations differ be- tween the two forms without intergradation, split Piculus leucolaemus into P. simplex and P. leucolaemus: Piculus simplex (Salvin). RUFOUS-WINGED WOODPECK- r. [1393.1.] Chloronerpes simplex Salvin, 1870, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 212. (Bugaba, Chiriqui.) Habitat.--[as in 6th edition under P. leucolaemus]. Distribution.--[as in 6th edition under "simplex group"]. Notes.--Generally recognized as a species distinct from P. leucolaemus. Piculus leucolaemus (Natterer and Malherbe). WHITE-tHRO^r WOOrPœOCER. [1393.] Picus leucolcemus Natterer and Malherbe, 1845, Mm. Soc. R. Sci Liege, 2, p. 68. (Brazil.) pp. 468-469. Change Coryphotriccus albovit- tatus to Conopias albovittata. In Distribution, change "albovittatus group" to "albovittata group" and "parvus group" to "parva group." Change Notes to: Formerly placed in the genus Cory- photriccus Ridgway, 1906. Groups: C. albovittata [WHITE-RINGED FLYCATCHER, 1575], and C. parva (Pelzeln, 1868) [YELLOW-THROATED FLYCATCHER, 1575.1]. p. 653. The genera Bangsia and Buthraupis were merged in the 6th edition but never on the basis of published analysis of generic limits in the Thraupinae. As separate genera, they are cohesvie assemblages, and one or both may have affinities outside the merged group. Therefore, they are best treated separately, pending fur- ther, published study. Replace the heading for the genus Buthraupis with the following: Genus BANGSIA Penard Bangsia Penard, 1919, Auk, 36, p. 539. Type, by original designation, Buthraupis arcaei caerulei- gularis Ridgway = Buthraupis arcaei Sclater and Salvin. p. 653. Change Buthraupis arcaei Sclater and Salvin to Bangsia arcaei (Sclater and Salvin). Change Notes to: Formerly placed in the genus Buthraupis. p. 743. The New World forms of Leucosticte are split from Leucosticte arctoa. Their merger in the 6th edition was based on insufficient new information. Moreover, the general uniformity of allopatric entities in the New World plus the lack of smooth integradation between taxa sug- gest sympatry with limited hybridization (sec- ondary contact), rather than free interbreeding among several forms, especially L. t. tephrocotis and L. atrata, which meet in the region from west-central Idaho to central Montana. Thus, we recommend reversion to the treatment pre- sented in the 5th edition (AOU 1957:564-566): Leucosticte tephrocotis (Swainson). GRAY-CROWNED ROsY-FINCH. [524.] Linaria (Leucosticte) tephrocotis Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 2 (1831), p. 265, pl. 50. (on the Saskatchewan = Carleton House, Saskatchewan.) Habitat.--[as in 6th edition under L. arctoa]. Distribution.--[as in 6th edition under "tephrocotis group"]. Notes.--The three American species of Leucosticte recognized here have been regarded as subspecies of the Asian L. arctoa (Pallas, 1811) [Rosy FINCH] (e.g. Vaurie 1956; Howell, Paynter and Rand, in Peters 1968:259-260). Leucosticte atrata Ridgway BLACIC RosY-FINcH. [525.] Leucosticte atrata Ridgway, 1874, Amer. Sports- man, 4, p. 241. (Cation City, Colorado.) Habitat.--[as in 6th edition under L. arctoa]. Distribution.--[as in 6th edition under "atrata group"]. Notes.--See L. tephrocotis. Leucosticte australis Ridgway BROWN-CAPPED ROsY-FINcH. [526.] Leucosticte tephrocotis, var. australis Ridgway, 1873, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, p. 197. (Mt. Lincoln, Colo- rado.) Habitat.--[as in 6th edition under L. arctoa]. Distribution.--[as in 6th edition under "australis group"]. Notes.--See L. tephrocotis. pp. 760-761. Change English names of the following species, following Pratt (1992): Oreomystis bairdi, AIaKIKI; Paroreomyza montana, MAUt ALAUAHIO; P. fiammea, KAKWAHIE; and P. maculata, OAHU ALAUAHO. p. 777. After Procellaria cinerea, insert: Procellaria aequinoctialis Linnaeus. WHITE-CHINNED PETREL. Procellaria aequinoctialis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 132. Based on "The Great Peteril" Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, p. 89, pl. 89. (Cap. b. Spei = Cape of Good Hope.) A moribund individual of this Southern Hemi- sphere species was found at Galveston, Texas, 27 April 1986 (1990, Am. Birds 44:1158); given the location of this record (at the mouth of a busy ship channel) and the proclivity for this species to take baited hooks and to scavenge around ships (Murphy 1936), its origin is questionable. p. 778. After Spheniscus mendiculus, insert: Phalacrocorax kenyoni (Siegel-Causey). AMCHITKA CORMORANT. Stictocarbo kenyoni Siegel-Causey, 1991, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Kansas, no. 140, p. 5. (Constan- tine Harbor, Amchitka Island, Alaska.) The status of this recently described species from Amchitka Island, Alaska, is indeterminate, pending acquisition of additional specimen material; at pres- ent it is known only from skeletal material. p. 779. Change Egretta intermedia to Meso- phoyx intermedia. p. 779. After Platalea leucorodia, insert: Anser erythropus (Linnaeus). LESSER WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE. Anser erythropus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 123. (in Europa septentrionali = northern Sweden.) This species breeds on the taiga of the Old World from Scandinavia to eastern Siberia, and winters from Europe and the Mediterranean region east to India and eastern China. The species is frequently kept in captivity, and the pattern of North American records from British Columbia, North Dakota, Ohio, western Pennsylvania and Delaware suggests escapes from captivity rather than natural vagrants. p. 779. After Branta ruficollis, insert: Neochen jubata (Spix). ORINOCO GOOSE. Anser jubatus Spix, 1825, Avium Nov. Spec. Bras., 2, p. 84, pl. 108. (Ad ripam fl. Solimons in insula Praya das Ongas.) The Orinoco Goose is a bird found in South Amer- ica east of the Andes from Venezuela south to north- western Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil. A specimen in the U.S. National Museum was collected by W. T. March in "Jamaica. 1865"; the bird may have been introduced to Jamaica, but the possibility of nat- ural occurrence cannot be dismissed. p. 780. After Accipiter nisus and before Buteo buteo, added in Supplement #35 (AOU 1985: 681), insert: Buteo polyosoma (Quoy and Gaimard). REO-IACKED HAWK. Falco polyosoma Quoy and Gaimard, 1824, in Freycinet, Voy. Uranie Phys., Zool., livr. 3, p. 92, p1. 14. (Falkland Islands.) An individual of this Andean and southern South American species was reported from Colorado (Gun- nison, first from mid-August-31 October 1987; pho- tographs, Am. Birds 42:112); the bird returned the next year and was paired with a B. swainsoni. Identi- fication as another South American species, B. poecilo- chrous Gurney, 1879, cannot be ruled out; further- more, the origin of this bird remains highly questionable (Allen 1988). pp. 798-809, the following AOU number cor- rections/entries should be made: 171.3 A. erythropus (delete entry) 175.1 B. sandvicensis 201. Butorides virescens 220.1 F. alai 272. P. dominica 272.1 P. fulva 328. Elanus leucurus 362. Caracara plancus [plancusô] 363. =362 [lutosusô] 524. Leucosticte tephrocotis 525. L. atrata 526. L. australis 1014.1 Butorides striatus 1068.10dontophorus melanotis 1220.1 Cypseloides storeri 1271. Thalurania ridgwayi 1271.1 T. colombica [townsendt[] 1271.2 T. fannyi [fannyiô] 1393. Piculus leucolaemus [leucolaemusô] 1393.1 P. simplex 1393.2 =1393 [callopterusô] 1575. Conopias albovittata [albovittataô] 1575.1 =1575 [parvaô] 2143. Tetraogallus himalayensis 2254. Larus cachinnans 2289. Streptopelia turtur 4202.2 =1271.1 [colombicaô] 4202.3 =1271.2 [hypochloraô] Currently under study by the Committee are the following: species limits in Pterodroma ar- minjoniana / heraldica, P. phaeopygia / sandwichen- sis, Larus glaucoides/thayeri, Leptotila rufaxilla complex, Caprimulgus rufus/otiosus, Nyctibius gri- seus complex, Tachymarptis / Apus melba, Baryph- thengus ruficapillus/martii, Nonnula frontalis/ru- ficapilla, Colaptes auratus/ chrysoides, Myiobius bar- batus/sulphureipygius, Schiffornis turdinus, Aphelocoma coerulescens, Corvus caurinus, Stelgi- dopteryx ruficollis / ridgwayi, Hirundo fulva, C. m in- imus / bicknelli; Pipilo erythrophthalmus / maculatus, Passerculus sandwichensis/rostratus, Icterus galbu- la /bullockii / abeillei and Loxia curvirostra; and nu- merous higher-category changes (above genus) as proposed by recent molecular and genetic studies. ALLEN, S. 1988. 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Fringillidae: The genera Leucosticte, Rho- dopechys, Carpodacus, Pinicola, Loxia, Uragus, Uro- cynchramus and Propyrrhula. Am. Mus. Novit., no. 1786. YSSOu, P. 1991. The sympatric breeding of Larus fuscus, L. cachinnans and L. argentatus in western France. Ibis 133:256-263. Committee: BUR? L. MONROE, JR., Chairman RICHARD C. BANKS JOHN W. FITZPATRICK THOMAS R. HOWELL NED K. JOHNSON HENRI OUELLET J. V. REMSEN ROBERT W. STORER Preferred citation for this supplement: Amer- ican Ornithologists' Union. 1993. Thirty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. Auk 110:675-682. DATE OF ISSUE (Vol. 110, No. 3): 8 April 1994