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Studies in Avian Biology - Number 6Estimating Numbers of Terrestrial BirdsC. John Ralph and J. Michael Scott |
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| viii | Reader's guide | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Introduction
J. Michael Scott and C. John Ralph 3
| Genesis of the Symposium
| Robert Z. Callaham 5
| The Need for Censuses in Policy Making
| David L. Trauger 7
| Photographs of Participants
| Anthony Gomez ESTIMATING RELATIVE ABUNDANCE - PART I
| 11
| Chairman's Introductory Remarks to Part I
| Joseph J. Hickey 12
| Counting Birds for a Relative Measure (Index) of Density
| David G. Dawson 17
| The Christmas Bird Count and Avian Ecology
| Carl E. Bock and Terry L. Root 24
| The Christmas Bird Count: An Overlooked and Underused Sample
| Susan Roney Drennan 30
| The Christmas Bird Count: Constructing an "Ideal Model"
| Robert S. Arbib, Jr. 34
| The North American Breeding Bird Survey
| Danny Bystrak 42
| Estimates of Avian Population Trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey
| Paul H. Geissler and Barry R. Noon 52
| Reappraisal of the Winter Bird-Population Study Technique
| Chandler S. Robbins Summarizing Remarks
| 58
| Douglas H. Johnson
| 60
| Ralph W. Schreiber
| ESTIMATING RELATIVE ABUNDANCE - PART II
| 61
| Chairman's Introductory Remarks to Part II
| Robert D. Ohmart 62
| Surveying Birds with Mist Nets
| James R. Karr 68
| Playback Recordings as a Special Avian Censusing Technique
| R. Roy Johnson, Bryan T. Brown, Lois T. Haight, and James M. Simpson 76
| Indirect Estimates of Abundance of Birds
| Evelyn L. Bull 81
| Use of Playback Recordings in Sampling Elusive or Secretive Birds
| Wayne R. Marion, Timothy E. O'Meara, and David S. Maehr 86
| Mapping Territories with Playback: an Accurate Census Method for Songbirds
| J. Bruce Falls 92
| The Use of Migration Counts for Monitoring Bird Population Levels
| David J. T. Hussell 103
| An Overview of Grid-based Atlas Works in Ornithology
| Miklos D. F. Udvardy Summarizing Remarks
| 110
| P. V. Rao
| 112
| Stanley A. Temple
| ESTIMATING BIRDS PER UNIT AREA
| 113
| Chairman's Introductory Remarks
| David R. Anderson 114
| Limitations of the Mapping Method
| Hans Oelke 119
| Territory and Home Range of the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) and some other Passerines, Assessed and Compared by Mapping and Capture-Recapture
| C. Ferry, B. Frochot, and Y. Leruth 121
| Remarks on the Use of Mark-recapture Methodology in Estimating Avian Population Size
| James D. Nichols, Barry R. Noon, S. Lynne Stokes, and James E. Hines 137
| Mark-Recapture-What Next?
| G. M. Jolly 139
| The Determination of Avian Densities Using the Variable-strip and Fixed-width Transect Surveying Methods
| Kathleen E. Franzreb 146
| Methodology for Censusing Land Bird Faunas in Large Regions
| Olli Järvinen and Risto A. Väisänen 152
| Sources of Error Involved in the Finnish Line-Transect Method
| Olavi Hilden Summarizing Remarks
| 160
| Charles E. Gates
| 162
| Larry F. Pank
| COMPARISON OF METHODS
| 163
| Chairman's Introductory Remarks
| Chandler S. Robbins 164
| A Comparative Analysis of Territorial Mapping and Variable-strip Transect Censusing Methods
| Kathleen E. Franzreb 170
| A Comparison of Three Avian Census Methods
| Daniel K. Edwards, Geoffrey L. Dorsey, and John A. Crawford 177
| A Field Test of the Variable Circular-plot Censusing Technique in a California Coastal Scrub Breeding Bird Community
| David F. DeSante 186
| Comparisons of Avian Census Results Using Variable Distance Transect and Variable Circular Plot Techniques
| Bertin W. Anderson and Robert D. Ohmart 193
| A Field Test of Two Density Estimators for Transect Data
| Timothy E. O'Meara 197
| An Evaluation of Breeding Season Census Techniques for Long-Billed Curlews (Nunenius americanus)
| Roland L. Redmond, Thomas K. Bicak, and Donald A. Jenni 202
| Comparison of Line-transect Methods for Estimating Breeding Bird Densities in Deciduous Woodlots
| Nancy G. Tilghman and Donald H. Rusch 209
| Do Transect Counts Monitor Abundance Trends in the Same Way as Territory Mapping in Study Plots?
| Sören E. Svensson Summarizing Remarks
| 215
| G. M. Jolly
| 217
| Charles van Riper III
| SPECIES VARIABILITY
| 219
| Chairman's Introductory Remarks
| Cameron B. Kepler 220
| Problems in Estimating Population Size Through Counts of Singing Males
| Harold F. Mayfield 225
| Bird Populations Consist of Individuals Differing in Many Respects
| Barbara Diehl 230
| Problems of Unequal Observability
| Jan Ekman 235
| Methods of Detecting and Counting Raptors: A Review
| Mark R. Fuller and James A. Mosher Summarizing Remarks
| 247
| David L. Otis
| 249
| Robert E. Ricklefs
| ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
| 251
| Chairman's Introductory Remarks
| Harry F. Recher 252
| Seasonal Changes in Detection of Individual Bird Species
| Louis B. Best 262
| Seasonal Changes in Avian Densities and Diversities
| Bertin W. Anderson, Robert D. Ohmart, and Jake Rice 265
| An Investigation of the Effect of Seasonal Activity Levels on Avian Censusing
| C. John Ralph 271
| Effect of Time of Day and Time of Season on the Number of Observations and Density Estimates of Breeding Birds
| Aaron A. Skirven 275
| Effect of Time of Day on Bird Activity
| Chandler S. Robbins 287
| Diurnal Activity Patterns and Population Estimates of Breeding Birds Within a Disturbed and Undisturbed Desert Scrub Community
| Christian E. Grue, Russell P. Balda, and Clarence D. Johnson 292
| Interpreting Population Estimates of Birds Following Pesticide Applications-Behavior of Male Starlings Exposed to an Organophosphate Pesticide
| Christian E. Grue and Bryon K. Shipley 297
| Environmental Acoustics and Censuses of Singing Birds
| Douglas G. Richards 301
| Bird Activity Levels Related to Weather
| Chandler S. Robbins 311
| Sampling in Rugged Terrain
| Deanna K. Dawson 316
| Limitation of Estimating Bird Populations Because of Vegetation Structure and Composition
| Hans Oelke Summarizing Remarks
| 322
| Frank A. Pitelka
| 324
| Kenneth Burnham
| OBSERVER VARIABILITY
| 326
| Chairman's Introductory Remarks
| Ralph J. Raitt 327
| Limitation and Variability in Hearing Ability in Censusing Birds
| André Cyr 334
| Distance Estimation as a Variable in Estimating Bird Numbers
| J. Michael Scott, Fred L. Ramsey, and Cameron B. Kepler 341
| Tests of Hearing Ability
| Fred L. Ramsey and J. Michael Scott 346
| The Application of Song Detection Threshold Distance to Census Operations
| John T. Emlen and Michael J. DeJong 353
| The Role of Observer Bias in the North American Breeding Bird Survey
| Craig A. Faanes and Danny Bystrak 360
| Problems in Separating Species with Similar Habits and Vocalizations
| Chandler S. Robbins and Richard W. Stallcup 366
| Reducing Bird Count Variability by Training Observers
| Cameron B. Kepler and J. Michael Scott 372
| The Influence of Observer and Analyst Efficiency in Mapping Method Censuses
| Raymond J. O'Connor 377
| Effects of Observers using Different Methods upon the Total Population Estimates of Two Resident Island Birds
| Sheila Conant, Mark S. Collins, and C. John Ralph 382
| Lateral Detectability Profiles for Line Transect Bird Censuses: Some Problems and an Alternative
| Richard L. Hutto and Sandra L. Mosconi Summarizing Remarks
| 388
| Lyman McDonald
| 390
| David E. Davis
| SAMPLING DESIGN
| 391
| Chairman's Introductory Remarks
| Jared Verner 392
| Experimental Design When Counting Birds
| David C. Dawson 399
| Optimizing Sampling Frequency and Numbers of Transects and Stations
| Charles E. Gates 405
| Effects of Number of Circular Plots on Estimates of Avian Density and Species Richness
| Michael L. Morrison, R. William Mannan, and Geoffrey L. Dorsey 409
| Length of Count Period as a Possible Source of Bias in Estimating Bird Densities
| J. Michael Scott and Fred L. Ramsey 414
| Point Counts with Unlimited Distance
| Jacques Blondel, Camille Ferry, and Bernard Frochot 421
| The Species-area Relationship in Spot-map Censusing
| Todd Engstrom 426
| Capture-Recapture Models: A Review of Current Methods, Assumptions, and Experimental Design
| K. H. Pollock 436
| Improved Population Estimates Through the Use of Auxiliary Information
| Douglas H. Johnson 441
| Density Estimation Using Line Transect Sampling
| P. V. Rao, K. M. Portier, and J. A. Ondrasik 445
| Avian Censusing With the Strip Method: A Computer Simulation
| Ronald W. Engel-Wilson, A. Kurt Webb, Kenneth V. Rosenberg, Robert D. Ohmart, and Bertin W. Anderson Summarizing Remarks
| 450
| Jake Rice
| 452
| Frances C. James
| DATA ANALYSIS
| 454
| Chairman's Introductory Remarks
| Fred L. Ramsey 455
| Breeding Bird Censuses Using Spot-mapping Techniques Upon Samples of Homogeneous Habitats
| Paul F. J. Eagles 461
| An Evaluation and Comparison of Techniques for Estimating Home Range and Territory Size
| R. Glenn Ford and J. P. Myers 466
| Line Transect Estimation of Bird Population Density Using a Fourier Series
| Kenneth P. Burnham, David R. Anderson, and Jeffrey L. Laake 483
| Analysis of Bird Survey Data Using a Modification of Emlen's Method
| Fred L. Ramsey and J. Michael Scott 488
| Residual Edge Effects with the Mapping Bird Census Method
| J. H. Marchant 492
| The Efficiency of the Mapping Method-A Computer Simulation Based on Field Data
| Martin Erdelen and Beate Erdelen 496
| Methodological Studies of Breeding Bird Surveys in North America
| A. R. Sen | |||||||||||||||||