| 1
| Introduction
|
| 5
| The survey and its objectives
|
| 5
| The natural environment
|
| 6
| Geology
|
| 6
| Climate
|
| 7
| Vegetation
|
| Study areas
|
| 15
| Kau
|
| 15
| Hamakua
|
| 17
| Puna
|
| 18
| Kipukas
|
| 20
| Kona
|
| 24
| Mauna Kea
|
| 24
| Kohala
|
| 24
| East Maui
|
| 31
| West Maui
|
| 31
| Molokai
|
| 32
| Lanai
|
| 32
| Kauai
|
| Field methodology
|
| 33
| Establishment of Transects
|
| 34
| Observer Training
|
| 37
| Bird Sampling
|
| 40
| Vegetation Sampling
|
| 45
| Insect Observations
|
| Data analysis
|
| 48
| Estimation of Effective Area Surveyed
|
| 52
| Birds per Count Period
|
| 53
| Range Determination
|
| 53
| Population Estimates
|
| 54
| Unrecorded Species
|
| 55
| Original Ranges
|
| 55
| Analysis and Interpretation of Habitat Response
|
| 55
| Habitat variables
|
| 56
| Community variables
|
| 56
| Preliminary screening
|
| 57
| Regression models
|
| 58
| Habitat response graphs
|
| 59
| Interpreting habitat response
|
| 61
| Interspecific Competition
|
| 61
| Species-Area Relationships
|
| 61
| Comparison with Earlier Studies
|
| 61
| Survey Limitations
|
| Native species accounts
|
| 61
| Introduction
|
| 72
| Hawaiian Goose (Nene)
|
| 78
| Hawaiian Hawk (Io)
|
| 79
| Hawaiian Rail (Moho)
|
| 80
| Lesser Golden-Plover (Kolea)
|
| 81
| Short-eared Owl (Pueo)
|
| 82
| Hawaiian Crow (Alala)
|
| 86
| Elepaio
|
| 93
| Kamao
|
| 96
| Olomao
|
| 96
| Omao
|
| 101
| Puaiohi (Small Kauai Thrush)
|
| 103
| Kauai Oo (Ooaa)
|
| 106
| Bishop's Oo
|
| 106
| Hawaii Oo
|
| 107
| Kioea
|
| 107
| Ou
|
| 111
| Palila
|
| 114
| Lesser Koa-Finch
|
| 114
| Greater Koa-Finch
|
| 114
| Kona Grosbeak
|
| 115
| Maui Parrotbill
|
| 117
| Common Amakihi
|
| 128
| Anianiau
|
| 128
| Greater Amakihi
|
| 130
| Hawaiian Akialoa
|
| 130
| Kauai Akialoa
|
| 131
| Nukupuu
|
| 133
| Akiapolaau
|
| 139
| Kauai Creeper
|
| 142
| Hawaii Creeper
|
| 146
| Maui Creeper
|
| 148
| Molokai Creeper
|
| 149
| Akepa
|
| 156
| Ula-ai-hawane
|
| 157
| Iiwi
|
| 163
| Hawaii Mamo
|
| 167
| Black Mamo
|
| 168
| Crested Honeycreeper (Akohekohe)
|
| 170
| Apapane
|
| 182
| Poo-uli
|
| Introduced species accounts
|
| 183
| Black Francolin
|
| 199
| Erckel's Francolin
|
| 200
| Gray Francolin
|
| 206
| Chukar
|
| 211
| Japanese Quail
|
| 211
| Kalij Pheasant
|
| 217
| Red Junglefowl
|
| 218
| Ring-necked Pheasant
|
| 226
| Common Peafowl
|
| 226
| Wild Turkey
|
| 234
| California Quail
|
| 235
| Rock Dove
|
| 235
| Spotted Dove
|
| 247
| Zebra Dove
|
| 248
| Mourning Dove
|
| 252
| Common Barn-Owl
|
| 252
| Eurasian Skylark
|
| 254
| Japanese Bush-Warbler
|
| 260
| White-rumped Shama
|
| 261
| Melodious Laughing-thrush
|
| 266
| Red-billed Leiothrix
|
| 277
| Northern Mockingbird
|
| 282
| Common Myna
|
| 287
| Japanese White-eye
|
| 295
| Northern Cardinal
|
| 307
| Saffron Finch
|
| 314
| House Finch
|
| 317
| Yellow-fronted Canary
|
| 317
| House Sparrow
|
| 321
| Red-cheeked Cordonbleu
|
| 321
| Lavender Waxbill
|
| 321
| Warbling Silverbill
|
| 325
| Nutmeg Mannikin
|
| Community ecology
|
| 330
| Species-Area Relationships
|
| 334
| Richness and Diversity
|
| 340
| General Patterns of Habitat Response
|
| 349
| Distributional Anomalies
|
| Limiting factors
|
| 351
| Introduction
|
| 352
| Habitat Modification
|
| 352
| Browsers, grazers, and rooters
|
| 361
| Introduced plants
|
| 362
| Anthropogenic habitat degradation
|
| 363
| Predation
|
| 364
| Disease
|
| 368
| Interspecific Competition
|
| 371
| Disasters
|
| Conservation
|
| 371
| History of Human Disturbance
|
| 373
| Conservation Strategies
|
| 380
| Extinction Models
|
| 380
| Island Recommendations
|
| 384
| Conclusion
|
| 385
| Acknowledgments
|
| 387
| Survey participants and habitats
|
| 393
| Literature cited
|
| 406
| Appendix tables
|
| Cover to Cover
|
