.--During the summer of
1932 many tern colonies along the Massachusetts Coast suffered more
severely than during any year so far recorded. The details of these bird
tragedies have been exhaustively described by Oliver L. Austin, M.D., and
Dr. Oliver L. Austin, Jr. (see Brd-Band4ng, Vol. III, No. 4, pp. 123-139
and pp. 143-156.)
in the case of Penikese Island, the terns returned to their nesting colony
in the usual numbers in the spring of 1932, and breeding proceeded nor-
mally until the season was well advanced. Eggs and young were produced
in abundance, and a successful rearing appeared to be in the making, when
suddenly the adults completely deserted the colony, and eggs, young, and
adults vanished almost over night. (See B4rd-Band4ng, Volume III, No. 4,
pages 173 and 174.) The reason for this strange disappearance has not been
determined. ß It was, therefore, with great interest that Penikese Island,
lying near the entrance to Buzzard's Bay, was again visited from July 1st
to July 5th, 1933, by the same group of bandera that were on the island the
previous year during the correspondening period. As I have previously
stated, the island is completely covered to the water's edge with long thick
gram, in which the terns nest under conditions quite in contrast to. those
in other Massachusetts colonies, where open sandy tracts on islands
This exhibition of one of the series of procreative instincts out of the usual order, which
begins with the sexual urge, followed by mating and nest-building, and ends with the
discontinuance of feeding the young, is of great interest as none of the antecedent instincts
in the series, generally regarded as esential to the appearance of a successor, could well
tntve been manifested.--EorroR.
or mainland are preferred. Warden ;Furnet reported the appearance of the
Penikese terns on the average date of arrival, and a survey of the island
revealed their presence in thousands. The Common Terns, as usual,
greatly outnumbered the Roseares, the old breeding-areas being occupied.
These areas can easily be determined by the dead and matted vegetation,
and the sparse new growth of the year. AII over the island nests with eggs
were found in new locations, and the young were hiding in the long grass in
great numbers. The adults were obtaining food with a minimum of effort,
constantly fishing with success around the island and catching small fish
in such abundance that there was no fighting among them. The hatch and
growth of the chicks was excellent. There were almost no dead birds, and
the living were fat and healthy, despite days of fog, rain, and cold.
In many of the 5Iassachusetts colonies where the nests are all built on
sand with little beach grass, the nests and young are crowded together so
that when the young wander from their home into territory claimed by
others, they are often so severely pecked about the head while being driven
away that they die. On Penikese Island there is no crowding of nests, and
consequently no mortality from this cause. The first hatching of young
birds was well advanced, and all the chicks were about of uniform size, with
very few just out of the eggs. This uniformity indicated that the first
clutches were laid at approximately the same time and that there was a
marked interval between this and the second laying of the hundreds of eggs
that the adults incubated.
In the report of last year's observations (ibid page 173) comment was
made upon the large number of garter snakes that were introduced in to
the island years ago in the days of the Agassiz School and that swarmed all
over the island, undoubtedly devouring an undetermined number of eggs
and young. -Iuch to our surprise, this year we found that the snake popula-
tion had been practically exterminated by Herring Gulls that nest in a
small colony on the east side of the island. During the spring months of
this year the gulls were hard pressed for food and frequented the place
where Warden Turner empties his garbage into the ocean, fighting over
the scraps, a proceeding not before seen except during a severe winter.
When the snakes came out of their seclusion during the warm spring days to
bask in the sun, they were attacked and devoured by the gulls, which
coursed over the island like Marsh Hawks. On several occasions the
Warden observed them catch a snake and carry it to the salt water, into
which they doused it several times, shaking it savagely before eating it.
In former years, when the Warden has killed and thrown the snakes into
the water, the gulls have not been seen to eat them. The Herring Gulls
have practically eradicated an introduced form of wild life that in years to
come would undoubtedly have threatened the very existence of the tern
colony. -
Despite a growing sentiment the country over, against the taking of birds'
eggs for food or commercial purposes, and the laws passed to pohibit such
action, Warden Turner reports that on several occasions this year the
island was visited by fishermen of foreign extraction, who but for his
vigilance would have destroyed and carried away many eggs and probably
have broken up the colony. Their method is to stake off certain areas
and destroy all the eggs therein. The robbers then return in a few days
to collect and carry awayall the new-laid eggs in the marked area, thereby
ensuring a new laying. The eggs are removed as long as the birds continue
laying, or until the pillagers have satisfied their wants.
The birds banded are as follows:
Adult Common Terns ................................ 34
Immature Common Terns ............................. 1966
Immature Roeeate Terns ............................. 300
Total .... ] ...................................... 2300
--CH.SLES B. FLOYD,
.-uburndale, Massachusetts.