This is the fourth paper of a 4-part series detailing the longevity records of marked North American birds. The previous three papers can be found in the Journal of Field Ornithology, Volumes 53 and 54. Prior to this series only one definitive paper (Kennard 1975) had been written on North American taxa. Records for 84 taxa are included in this paper. Thirty are birds older than those listed by Kennard. Thirty-nine are new records and 9 are those listed in Kennard.
Office of Migratory Bird Management
Bird Banding Laboratory
Laurel, Maryland 20708 USA
Biology Department
Columbia Union College
Takoma Park, Maryland 20912 USA
REGISTROS DE LONGEVIDAD DE AVES DE NORTE AMERICA:
COEREBINAE A ESTRILDIDAE
Sinopsis.--Este trabajo es el filtimo de una serie de 4, sobre registros de longevidad a base
de anillamientos de aves de Norte Am6rica, que suplementan el trabajo de Kennard (1975).
Los trabajos previos (3) fueron publicados en los volumenes 53 y 54 del Journal of Field
Ornithology. E1 actual trabajo cubre 84 especies. Treinta y nueve son nuevos informes de
longevidad, 30 tiehen una longevidad mayor y 9 son similares a lo que informa Kennard.
This paper is the fourth in a 4-part series supplementing and extending
an earlier summary by Kennard (1975). It is based on an extensive review
of the literature and a detailed examination of the records in the Bird
Banding Laboratory (hereafter BBL), Laurel, Maryland. A more detailed
account of the method and changes in format from Kennard is given by
Clapp et al. (1982).
Data listed in the table of longevities (Table 2) are presented in the
same format as in the preceding papers in this series (Clapp et al. 1982,
1983). The estimated minimum age is calculated by assuming a hatching
date of 1 June as was done by Kennard (1975). The number of recoveries
listed for each species includes all reports processed through August 1985.
The figure for the number of birds banded is a composite derived from
several sources (Clapp et al. 1982) and is an inexact, but close, approx-
imation of the total number banded since the inception of bird banding
in North America. Table 1 lists the BBL codes for age, sex and those
describing how the bird was obtained. Parentheses around an age and/
or sex indicate a change from the original record based upon either
recapture or the current BBL age codes.
Symbols given before the common name in Table 2 indicate modifi-
cations of Kennard's (op. cit.) work. A # indicates that this is the same
TABLE 1.
Codes used in list of 1ongevities of North American birds (Table 2).
Codes for age and sex and their verbal equivalent
A
AHY
ASY
F
Adult HY = Hatching year M = Male
After hatching year I = Immature S or SA = Subadult
After second year J = Juvenile SY = Second year
Female L = Local U = Unknown
Codes for "How Recovered"
00 = Found dead
01 = Shot
03: Caught due to injury
04 = Caught by or due to trap or
snare other than those used for
catching birds
10 = Died during banding operations
12 = Caught by or due to cat
14 = Struck or struck by motor vehi-
cle
16 = Collected as scientific specimen
or for scientific study
28 = Caught by hand
45 = Found dead or injured on high-
way
57 -- Caught due to entanglement in anything
other than fishing gear
89 = Trapped and released by bander in differ-
ent 10-minute block from where originally
banded
97 = Miscellaneous. Method of recovery not cov-
ered by codes
99 = Trapped and released by bander in same
10-minute block where originally banded
bird listed by Kennard (op. cit.). The estimated minimum age for these
birds is the same as in Kennard's paper. An * denotes a bird of greater
age than that given in the original list, and two ** indicate a species not
listed by Kennard. An *# before three entries (Song Sparrow, Spot-
breasted Oriole, and Pine Grosbeak) indicates that these are the same
birds listed by Kennard, but are listed with greater ages. The increased
age of the Spot-breasted Oriole resulted from a recapture subsequent to
its listing by Kennard. The other two were errors we discovered upon
examination of the original data. Three entries (Fox Sparrow, Boat-tailed
Grackle, and Purple Finch) that lack a symbol preceding the English
name are replacements for entries in Kennard that proved to be invalid
and are younger than the birds listed there.
Thirty (35.7%) of the records for the 84 forms listed in Table 2 are
birds older than those listed by Kennard (op. cit.). Thirty-nine (46.4%)
are for taxa not listed in the original paper. Nine (10.7%) of the records
represent longevities that have not been exceeded since publication of the
original paper.
We encourage bird banders to submit return records for ages greater
than those listed to the BBL (Att'n: M. K. Klimkiewicz). We also request
new longevity records for those species documented in the earlier accounts
of Clappet al. (1982, 1983) and Klimkiewicz et al. (1983). Any North
American species longevity records not documented in these accounts and
greater than four years old are also welcome.
32O]
M. K. Klimkiewicz and A. G. Futcher
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J. Field Ornithol.
Summer 1987
vol. 5s, o. Longevity: Coerebinae through Estrildidae [321
M. K. Klimkiewicz and A. G. Futcher
j. Field Ornithol.
Summer 1987
Vol. 58, No. 3 Longevity.' Coerebinae through Estrildidae [3 2 3
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Summer 1987
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No. Longevity: Coerebinae through Estrildidae [327
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M. K. Klimkiewicz and A. G. Futcher
j. Field Ornithol.
Summer 1987
vol. 8, No. Longevity: Coerebinae through Estrildidae [329
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3 3 O] M.K. Klimkiewicz and A. G. Futcher J. Field Ornithol.
Summer 1987
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vol. 58, No. Longevity: Coerebinae through Estrildidae [3 31
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M. K. Klimkiewicz and A. G. Futcher
J. Field Ornithol.
Summer 1987
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many individuals including those listed in Table 2 supplied us with original banding or
recovery data. We thank them and others for their help. Charles E. Corchran, Phil Walters,
Richard Mewaldt, Marguerite Baumgartner, Gordon Loery were particularly helpful in
supplying data for this part of the supplement.
Personnel of the Bird Banding Laboratory (BBL), Office of Migratory Bird Management,
aided us in locating and verifying longevity records at the BBL. We particularly thank
Nancy G. Mullis, whose incomparable knowledge of the recovery files saved us many hours
of work, George M. Jonkel, Chief, BBL, for his assistance and encouragement, and Bonnie
Seering, for her perseverance in typing the manuscript. Sam Droege, Danny Bystrak and
Robert I. Smith kindly reviewed the manuscript.
LITERATURE CITED
CL^'', R. B., M. K. KLIMKIEWICZ, AND J. H. KENN^RD. 1982. Longevity records of
North American birds: Gaviidae through Alcidae. J. Field Ornithol. 53:81-124.
--, AND A. G. FUTCHER. 1983. Longevity records of North American birds:
Coiumbidae through Paridae. J. Field Ornithol. 54:123-137.
KENN^RD, J. H. 1975. Longevity records of North American birds. Bird-Banding 46:
55-73.
KLIMKIEWICZ, M. K., R. B. CLAPP, AND A. G. FUTCHER. 1983. Longevity records of
North American birds: Remizidae through Parulinae. J. Field Ornithol. 54:287-294.
Received 19 Sept. 1986; accepted 25 Nov. 1986.