The Nighthawk, almost universally called "Bullbat" and sometimes
"Whip-poor-will" and "Goatsucker," i a common migrant here in
Kentucky, arriving early in May and September.
NIGHTHAWK.
Only a few laggards are seen for
are gone.
One fall, I think it was in
In the spring migrations, usually
three or four are seen some evening
about seven o'clock; two or three
days later more are seen, and as a
rule, it is a week before they become
common. Then they commence to
leave, getting scarcer every night,
till all are gone.
In the fall it is different. They
generally arrive in a body, earlier in
the day, and they go on through.
There is no "stop for refreshments."
a day or two following, an..d then all
z887, two large flocks, containing
together at least three hundred individuals, made their appearance
about four o'clock in the afternoon of a rainy, disagreeable day.
They kept in a rather compact body, and moved steadily south-
ward, only occasionally would one make a clash to one side and
immediately return to the ranks. In half an hour, yes! in twenty
minutes, they had passed out of sight. One was seen the next day,
flying about in a desultory way; but he too disappeared and no more
were seen till the next spring.
People outside of Ornithological circles seem to know nothing of the
habits of this bird (we Ornithologists don't know much.) The hame
"Goatsucker" alludes to a superstition implied in the name. And
those who call it "Whip-poor-will" confound it with another bird, of
widely different appearance when closely examined. The name"hawk"
is a misnomer (I told a boy the "Bullbat" was a Nighthawk, and he
wanted to know if it would kill chickens.)
THE ORNITHOLOGISTS' AND OOLOOISTS' SEMI-ANNUAL, 3
It was probably so named from a certain resemblance in flight to
several of our hawks with long and pointed wings. And this reminds
me of the fact that I have seen the Nighthawk and the Sparrow Hawk
fly for a short distance by tlapping the wings alternately. I have nev-
er seen this mode of flying practiced by any other bird and have nev-
er seen a note of the habit in any of our Ornithological publications.
Dr. Coues aptly describes the bird when he calls it a"winged grey-
hound." One of the most remarkable habits of this interesting bird
is its soaring aloft in the mating season, and dashing to the ground,
making at the same time a peculiar, hollow, "booming noise," which
can not easily be described.
The manner in which this sound is produced has never been satis-
factorily explained. Some think it is produced by the "sudden expan-
sion of the mouth while passing through the air"; others claim just
as strongly that it is made by the wings. I have fogned no opinion
yet, and it is not probable that we shall soon discover the solution of
the puzzle. There are good reasons given for accepting either of the
above theories.
The Nighthawk builds no nest as a rule. In fact, the few twigs or
leaves occasionally found can scarcely be said to constitute a nest.
The eggs are generally laid on the bare ground, sometimes on a sand-
bar, on the surface of a flat rock, or even on the roofs of the houses
in a city.
I have heard and read stories of the Nighthawk carrying their eggs,
and even young, from one place to another, when their nesting or
rather hatching place had been discovered. Other birds, the Wood-
cock, ]Mloela dnor for instance, have the same habit, and it is a
well known fact that the Wood or Summer Duck, zIœx s$onsa carry
their offspring from the nest, often twenty or thirty feet high, to the
water's edge.
The eggs of this bird are two in number, and are among the most
variable in color. The ground color varies from creamy-white to a
stony-gray tint, and they are spotted, blotched, lined and fretted in
every conceivable way with different shades of gray, brown, stone col-
or, slate and lilac; probably no two eggs being exactly the same.
Unlike the Whip-poor-will, the Nighthawk does not prefer thick
woods and wet places, choosing rather ()pen, dry sites, with plenty of'
sunlight, which no doubt helps to hatch the eggs when the parent
birds are off the nest.
3 2 THE ORNITHOLOGISTS' AND OOLOGISTS' SEMI-ANNUAL.
The Nighthawk is by no means a nocturnal bird, being often seen
hours before twilight and sometimes even in the glare of noontide.
It is much persecuted at times by sportsmen, its winding, twisting
and rapid flight affording excellent practice in wing-shooting.
Altogether, the Nighthawk is one of the most interesting and re-
markable birds we have, and a careful investigation of its habits will
amply repay any observer, besides affording him the chance of being
able to solve the mystery of the curious notes above mentioned.